//
 // Code adapted by Bodmer as an example for TFT_eSPI, this runs on any
 // TFT_eSPI compatible processor so ignore the technical limitations
 // detailed in the original header below. Assorted changes have been
 // made including removal of the display mirror kludge.
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Uncanny eyes for Adafruit 1.5" OLED (product #1431) or 1.44" TFT LCD
 // (#2088).  Works on PJRC Teensy 3.x and on Adafruit M0 and M4 boards
 // (Feather, Metro, etc.).  This code uses features specific to these
 // boards and WILL NOT work on normal Arduino or other boards!
 //
 // SEE FILE "config.h" FOR MOST CONFIGURATION (graphics, pins, display type,
 // etc).  Probably won't need to edit THIS file unless you're doing some
 // extremely custom modifications.
 //
 // Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code,
 // please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing products
 // from Adafruit!
 //
 // Written by Phil Burgess / Paint Your Dragon for Adafruit Industries.
 // MIT license.  SPI FIFO insight from Paul Stoffregen's ILI9341_t3 library.
 // Inspired by David Boccabella's (Marcwolf) hybrid servo/OLED eye concept.
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #if !defined(LIGHT_PIN) || (LIGHT_PIN < 0)
 // Autonomous iris motion uses a fractal behavior to similate both the major
 // reaction of the eye plus the continuous smaller adjustments that occur.
 uint16_t oldIris = (IRIS_MIN + IRIS_MAX) / 2, newIris;
 #endif
 
 // Initialise eyes ---------------------------------------------------------
 void initEyes(void)
 {
   Serial.println("Initialise eye objects");
 
   // Initialise eye objects based on eyeInfo list in config.h:
   for (uint8_t e = 0; e < NUM_EYES; e++) {
     Serial.print("Create display #"); Serial.println(e);
 
     eye[e].tft_cs      = eyeInfo[e].select;
     eye[e].blink.state = NOBLINK;
     eye[e].xposition   = eyeInfo[e].xposition;
 
     pinMode(eye[e].tft_cs, OUTPUT);
     digitalWrite(eye[e].tft_cs, LOW);
 
     // Also set up an individual eye-wink pin if defined:
     if (eyeInfo[e].wink >= 0) pinMode(eyeInfo[e].wink, INPUT_PULLUP);
   }
 
 #if defined(BLINK_PIN) && (BLINK_PIN >= 0)
   pinMode(BLINK_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Ditto for all-eyes blink pin
 #endif
 }
 
 // UPDATE EYE --------------------------------------------------------------
 void updateEye (void)
 {
 #if defined(LIGHT_PIN) && (LIGHT_PIN >= 0) // Interactive iris
 
   int16_t v = analogRead(LIGHT_PIN);       // Raw dial/photocell reading
 #ifdef LIGHT_PIN_FLIP
   v = 1023 - v;                            // Reverse reading from sensor
 #endif
   if (v < LIGHT_MIN)      v = LIGHT_MIN; // Clamp light sensor range
   else if (v > LIGHT_MAX) v = LIGHT_MAX;
   v -= LIGHT_MIN;  // 0 to (LIGHT_MAX - LIGHT_MIN)
 #ifdef LIGHT_CURVE  // Apply gamma curve to sensor input?
   v = (int16_t)(pow((double)v / (double)(LIGHT_MAX - LIGHT_MIN),
                     LIGHT_CURVE) * (double)(LIGHT_MAX - LIGHT_MIN));
 #endif
   // And scale to iris range (IRIS_MAX is size at LIGHT_MIN)
   v = map(v, 0, (LIGHT_MAX - LIGHT_MIN), IRIS_MAX, IRIS_MIN);
 #ifdef IRIS_SMOOTH // Filter input (gradual motion)
   static int16_t irisValue = (IRIS_MIN + IRIS_MAX) / 2;
   irisValue = ((irisValue * 15) + v) / 16;
   frame(irisValue);
 #else // Unfiltered (immediate motion)
   frame(v);
 #endif // IRIS_SMOOTH
 
 #else  // Autonomous iris scaling -- invoke recursive function
 
   newIris = random(IRIS_MIN, IRIS_MAX);
   split(oldIris, newIris, micros(), 10000000L, IRIS_MAX - IRIS_MIN);
   oldIris = newIris;
 
 #endif // LIGHT_PIN
 }
 
 // EYE-RENDERING FUNCTION --------------------------------------------------
 void drawEye( // Renders one eye.  Inputs must be pre-clipped & valid.
   // Use native 32 bit variables where possible as this is 10% faster!
   uint8_t  e,       // Eye array index; 0 or 1 for left/right
   uint32_t iScale,  // Scale factor for iris
   uint32_t  scleraX, // First pixel X offset into sclera image
   uint32_t  scleraY, // First pixel Y offset into sclera image
   uint32_t  uT,      // Upper eyelid threshold value
   uint32_t  lT) {    // Lower eyelid threshold value
 
   uint32_t  screenX, screenY, scleraXsave;
   int32_t  irisX, irisY;
   uint32_t p, a;
   uint32_t d;
 
   uint32_t pixels = 0;
 
   // Set up raw pixel dump to entire screen.  Although such writes can wrap
   // around automatically from end of rect back to beginning, the region is
   // reset on each frame here in case of an SPI glitch.
   digitalWrite(eye[e].tft_cs, LOW);
   tft.startWrite();
   tft.setAddrWindow(eye[e].xposition, 0, 128, 128);
 
   // Now just issue raw 16-bit values for every pixel...
 
   scleraXsave = scleraX; // Save initial X value to reset on each line
   irisY       = scleraY - (SCLERA_HEIGHT - IRIS_HEIGHT) / 2;
 
   // Eyelid image is left<>right swapped for two displays
   uint16_t lidX = 0;
   uint16_t dlidX = -1;
   if (e) dlidX = 1;
   for (screenY = 0; screenY < SCREEN_HEIGHT; screenY++, scleraY++, irisY++) {
     scleraX = scleraXsave;
     irisX   = scleraXsave - (SCLERA_WIDTH - IRIS_WIDTH) / 2;
     if (e) lidX = 0; else lidX = SCREEN_WIDTH - 1;
     for (screenX = 0; screenX < SCREEN_WIDTH; screenX++, scleraX++, irisX++, lidX += dlidX) {
       if ((pgm_read_byte(lower + screenY * SCREEN_WIDTH + lidX) <= lT) ||
           (pgm_read_byte(upper + screenY * SCREEN_WIDTH + lidX) <= uT)) {              // Covered by eyelid
         p = 0;
       } else if ((irisY < 0) || (irisY >= IRIS_HEIGHT) ||
                  (irisX < 0) || (irisX >= IRIS_WIDTH)) { // In sclera
         p = pgm_read_word(sclera + scleraY * SCLERA_WIDTH + scleraX);
       } else {                                          // Maybe iris...
         p = pgm_read_word(polar + irisY * IRIS_WIDTH + irisX);                        // Polar angle/dist
         d = (iScale * (p & 0x7F)) / 128;                // Distance (Y)
         if (d < IRIS_MAP_HEIGHT) {                      // Within iris area
           a = (IRIS_MAP_WIDTH * (p >> 7)) / 512;        // Angle (X)
           p = pgm_read_word(iris + d * IRIS_MAP_WIDTH + a);                           // Pixel = iris
         } else {                                        // Not in iris
           p = pgm_read_word(sclera + scleraY * SCLERA_WIDTH + scleraX);               // Pixel = sclera
         }
       }
       *(&pbuffer[dmaBuf][0] + pixels++) = p >> 8 | p << 8;
 
       if (pixels >= BUFFER_SIZE) {
         yield();
 #ifdef USE_DMA
         tft.pushPixelsDMA(&pbuffer[dmaBuf][0], pixels);
         dmaBuf  = !dmaBuf;
 #else
         tft.pushPixels(pbuffer, pixels);
 #endif
         pixels = 0;
       }
     }
   }
 
   if (pixels) {
 #ifdef USE_DMA
     tft.pushPixelsDMA(&pbuffer[dmaBuf][0], pixels);
 #else
     tft.pushPixels(pbuffer, pixels);
 #endif
   }
   tft.endWrite();
   digitalWrite(eye[e].tft_cs, HIGH);
 }
 
 // EYE ANIMATION -----------------------------------------------------------
 
 const uint8_t ease[] = { // Ease in/out curve for eye movements 3*t^2-2*t^3
   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  3,   // T
   3,  3,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  6,  7,  7,  8,  9,  9, 10, 10,   // h
   11, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,   // x
   24, 25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,   // 2
   40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58,   // A
   60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 80,   // l
   81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 103, // e
   104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127, // c
   128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, // J
   152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174, // a
   175, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, // c
   197, 198, 199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, // o
   216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 228, 229, 230, 231, // b
   232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 237, 238, 239, 240, 240, 241, 242, 243, 243, 244, // s
   245, 245, 246, 246, 247, 248, 248, 249, 249, 250, 250, 251, 251, 251, 252, 252, // o
   252, 253, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255
 }; // n
 
 #ifdef AUTOBLINK
 uint32_t timeOfLastBlink = 0L, timeToNextBlink = 0L;
 #endif
 
 // Process motion for a single frame of left or right eye
 void frame(uint16_t iScale) // Iris scale (0-1023)
 {
   static uint32_t frames   = 0; // Used in frame rate calculation
   static uint8_t  eyeIndex = 0; // eye[] array counter
   int16_t         eyeX, eyeY;
   uint32_t        t = micros(); // Time at start of function
 
   if (!(++frames & 255)) { // Every 256 frames...
     float elapsed = (millis() - startTime) / 1000.0;
     if (elapsed) Serial.println((uint16_t)(frames / elapsed)); // Print FPS
   }
 
   if (++eyeIndex >= NUM_EYES) eyeIndex = 0; // Cycle through eyes, 1 per call
 
   // X/Y movement
 
 #if defined(JOYSTICK_X_PIN) && (JOYSTICK_X_PIN >= 0) && \
     defined(JOYSTICK_Y_PIN) && (JOYSTICK_Y_PIN >= 0)
 
   // Read X/Y from joystick, constrain to circle
   int16_t dx, dy;
   int32_t d;
   eyeX = analogRead(JOYSTICK_X_PIN); // Raw (unclipped) X/Y reading
   eyeY = analogRead(JOYSTICK_Y_PIN);
 #ifdef JOYSTICK_X_FLIP
   eyeX = 1023 - eyeX;
 #endif
 #ifdef JOYSTICK_Y_FLIP
   eyeY = 1023 - eyeY;
 #endif
   dx = (eyeX * 2) - 1023; // A/D exact center is at 511.5.  Scale coords
   dy = (eyeY * 2) - 1023; // X2 so range is -1023 to +1023 w/center at 0.
   if ((d = (dx * dx + dy * dy)) > (1023 * 1023)) { // Outside circle
     d    = (int32_t)sqrt((float)d);               // Distance from center
     eyeX = ((dx * 1023 / d) + 1023) / 2;          // Clip to circle edge,
     eyeY = ((dy * 1023 / d) + 1023) / 2;          // scale back to 0-1023
   }
 
 #else // Autonomous X/Y eye motion
   // Periodically initiates motion to a new random point, random speed,
   // holds there for random period until next motion.
 
   static bool  eyeInMotion      = false;
   static int16_t  eyeOldX = 512, eyeOldY = 512, eyeNewX = 512, eyeNewY = 512;
   static uint32_t eyeMoveStartTime = 0L;
   static int32_t  eyeMoveDuration  = 0L;
 
   int32_t dt = t - eyeMoveStartTime;      // uS elapsed since last eye event
   if (eyeInMotion) {                      // Currently moving?
     if (dt >= eyeMoveDuration) {          // Time up?  Destination reached.
       eyeInMotion      = false;           // Stop moving
       eyeMoveDuration  = random(3000000); // 0-3 sec stop
       eyeMoveStartTime = t;               // Save initial time of stop
       eyeX = eyeOldX = eyeNewX;           // Save position
       eyeY = eyeOldY = eyeNewY;
     } else { // Move time's not yet fully elapsed -- interpolate position
       int16_t e = ease[255 * dt / eyeMoveDuration] + 1;   // Ease curve
       eyeX = eyeOldX + (((eyeNewX - eyeOldX) * e) / 256); // Interp X
       eyeY = eyeOldY + (((eyeNewY - eyeOldY) * e) / 256); // and Y
     }
   } else {                                // Eye stopped
     eyeX = eyeOldX;
     eyeY = eyeOldY;
     if (dt > eyeMoveDuration) {           // Time up?  Begin new move.
       int16_t  dx, dy;
       uint32_t d;
       do {                                // Pick new dest in circle
         eyeNewX = random(1024);
         eyeNewY = random(1024);
         dx      = (eyeNewX * 2) - 1023;
         dy      = (eyeNewY * 2) - 1023;
       } while ((d = (dx * dx + dy * dy)) > (1023 * 1023)); // Keep trying
       eyeMoveDuration  = random(72000, 144000); // ~1/14 - ~1/7 sec
       eyeMoveStartTime = t;               // Save initial time of move
       eyeInMotion      = true;            // Start move on next frame
     }
   }
 #endif // JOYSTICK_X_PIN etc.
 
   // Blinking
 #ifdef AUTOBLINK
   // Similar to the autonomous eye movement above -- blink start times
   // and durations are random (within ranges).
   if ((t - timeOfLastBlink) >= timeToNextBlink) { // Start new blink?
     timeOfLastBlink = t;
     uint32_t blinkDuration = random(36000, 72000); // ~1/28 - ~1/14 sec
     // Set up durations for both eyes (if not already winking)
     for (uint8_t e = 0; e < NUM_EYES; e++) {
       if (eye[e].blink.state == NOBLINK) {
         eye[e].blink.state     = ENBLINK;
         eye[e].blink.startTime = t;
         eye[e].blink.duration  = blinkDuration;
       }
     }
     timeToNextBlink = blinkDuration * 3 + random(4000000);
   }
 #endif
 
   if (eye[eyeIndex].blink.state) { // Eye currently blinking?
     // Check if current blink state time has elapsed
     if ((t - eye[eyeIndex].blink.startTime) >= eye[eyeIndex].blink.duration) {
       // Yes -- increment blink state, unless...
       if ((eye[eyeIndex].blink.state == ENBLINK) && ( // Enblinking and...
 #if defined(BLINK_PIN) && (BLINK_PIN >= 0)
             (digitalRead(BLINK_PIN) == LOW) ||           // blink or wink held...
 #endif
             ((eyeInfo[eyeIndex].wink >= 0) &&
              digitalRead(eyeInfo[eyeIndex].wink) == LOW) )) {
         // Don't advance state yet -- eye is held closed instead
       } else { // No buttons, or other state...
         if (++eye[eyeIndex].blink.state > DEBLINK) { // Deblinking finished?
           eye[eyeIndex].blink.state = NOBLINK;      // No longer blinking
         } else { // Advancing from ENBLINK to DEBLINK mode
           eye[eyeIndex].blink.duration *= 2; // DEBLINK is 1/2 ENBLINK speed
           eye[eyeIndex].blink.startTime = t;
         }
       }
     }
   } else { // Not currently blinking...check buttons!
 #if defined(BLINK_PIN) && (BLINK_PIN >= 0)
     if (digitalRead(BLINK_PIN) == LOW) {
       // Manually-initiated blinks have random durations like auto-blink
       uint32_t blinkDuration = random(36000, 72000);
       for (uint8_t e = 0; e < NUM_EYES; e++) {
         if (eye[e].blink.state == NOBLINK) {
           eye[e].blink.state     = ENBLINK;
           eye[e].blink.startTime = t;
           eye[e].blink.duration  = blinkDuration;
         }
       }
     } else
 #endif
       if ((eyeInfo[eyeIndex].wink >= 0) &&
           (digitalRead(eyeInfo[eyeIndex].wink) == LOW)) { // Wink!
         eye[eyeIndex].blink.state     = ENBLINK;
         eye[eyeIndex].blink.startTime = t;
         eye[eyeIndex].blink.duration  = random(45000, 90000);
       }
   }
 
   // Process motion, blinking and iris scale into renderable values
 
   // Scale eye X/Y positions (0-1023) to pixel units used by drawEye()
   eyeX = map(eyeX, 0, 1023, 0, SCLERA_WIDTH  - 128);
   eyeY = map(eyeY, 0, 1023, 0, SCLERA_HEIGHT - 128);
 
   // Horizontal position is offset so that eyes are very slightly crossed
   // to appear fixated (converged) at a conversational distance.  Number
   // here was extracted from my posterior and not mathematically based.
   // I suppose one could get all clever with a range sensor, but for now...
   if (NUM_EYES > 1) {
     if (eyeIndex == 1) eyeX += 4;
     else eyeX -= 4;
   }
   if (eyeX > (SCLERA_WIDTH - 128)) eyeX = (SCLERA_WIDTH - 128);
 
   // Eyelids are rendered using a brightness threshold image.  This same
   // map can be used to simplify another problem: making the upper eyelid
   // track the pupil (eyes tend to open only as much as needed -- e.g. look
   // down and the upper eyelid drops).  Just sample a point in the upper
   // lid map slightly above the pupil to determine the rendering threshold.
   static uint8_t uThreshold = 128;
   uint8_t        lThreshold, n;
 #ifdef TRACKING
   int16_t sampleX = SCLERA_WIDTH  / 2 - (eyeX / 2), // Reduce X influence
           sampleY = SCLERA_HEIGHT / 2 - (eyeY + IRIS_HEIGHT / 4);
   // Eyelid is slightly asymmetrical, so two readings are taken, averaged
   if (sampleY < 0) n = 0;
   else            n = (pgm_read_byte(upper + sampleY * SCREEN_WIDTH + sampleX) +
                          pgm_read_byte(upper + sampleY * SCREEN_WIDTH + (SCREEN_WIDTH - 1 - sampleX))) / 2;
   uThreshold = (uThreshold * 3 + n) / 4; // Filter/soften motion
   // Lower eyelid doesn't track the same way, but seems to be pulled upward
   // by tension from the upper lid.
   lThreshold = 254 - uThreshold;
 #else // No tracking -- eyelids full open unless blink modifies them
   uThreshold = lThreshold = 0;
 #endif
 
   // The upper/lower thresholds are then scaled relative to the current
   // blink position so that blinks work together with pupil tracking.
   if (eye[eyeIndex].blink.state) { // Eye currently blinking?
     uint32_t s = (t - eye[eyeIndex].blink.startTime);
     if (s >= eye[eyeIndex].blink.duration) s = 255;  // At or past blink end
     else s = 255 * s / eye[eyeIndex].blink.duration; // Mid-blink
     s          = (eye[eyeIndex].blink.state == DEBLINK) ? 1 + s : 256 - s;
     n          = (uThreshold * s + 254 * (257 - s)) / 256;
     lThreshold = (lThreshold * s + 254 * (257 - s)) / 256;
   } else {
     n          = uThreshold;
   }
 
   // Pass all the derived values to the eye-rendering function:
   drawEye(eyeIndex, iScale, eyeX, eyeY, n, lThreshold);
 
   if (eyeIndex == (NUM_EYES - 1)) {
     user_loop(); // Call user code after rendering last eye
   }
 }
 
 // AUTONOMOUS IRIS SCALING (if no photocell or dial) -----------------------
 
 #if !defined(LIGHT_PIN) || (LIGHT_PIN < 0)
 
 // Autonomous iris motion uses a fractal behavior to similate both the major
 // reaction of the eye plus the continuous smaller adjustments that occur.
 
 void split( // Subdivides motion path into two sub-paths w/randimization
   int16_t  startValue, // Iris scale value (IRIS_MIN to IRIS_MAX) at start
   int16_t  endValue,   // Iris scale value at end
   uint32_t startTime,  // micros() at start
   int32_t  duration,   // Start-to-end time, in microseconds
   int16_t  range) {    // Allowable scale value variance when subdividing
 
   if (range >= 8) {    // Limit subdvision count, because recursion
     range    /= 2;     // Split range & time in half for subdivision,
     duration /= 2;     // then pick random center point within range:
     int16_t  midValue = (startValue + endValue - range) / 2 + random(range);
     uint32_t midTime  = startTime + duration;
     split(startValue, midValue, startTime, duration, range); // First half
     split(midValue  , endValue, midTime  , duration, range); // Second half
   } else {             // No more subdivisons, do iris motion...
     int32_t dt;        // Time (micros) since start of motion
     int16_t v;         // Interim value
     while ((dt = (micros() - startTime)) < duration) {
       v = startValue + (((endValue - startValue) * dt) / duration);
       if (v < IRIS_MIN)      v = IRIS_MIN; // Clip just in case
       else if (v > IRIS_MAX) v = IRIS_MAX;
       frame(v);        // Draw frame w/interim iris scale value
     }
   }
 }
 #endif // !LIGHT_PIN

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